TYPE 2 DIABETES AND HYPEROSMOLAR HYPERGLYCEMIC NONKETOTIC STATE (HHNS)
Older people with type 2 diabetes are at risk from a serious condition called Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic State, or HHNS.
This disorder is caused by elevated blood sugar levels and is usually brought on by a coexisting condition, such as an illness or infection.
In HHNS, blood sugar levels rise and the body tries to get rid of the excess sugar by passing it into the urine. At first, urine production increases, requiring frequent visits to the bathroom. The frequency of urination may then decline as the urine becomes very dark.
Thirst often accompanies the urinary symptoms. Even if increased thirst is not present, it is important to increase intake of liquids in order to avoid dehydration.
If HHNS continues, severe dehydration will lead to seizures, coma and eventually death. HHNS may take days or even weeks to develop. The warning signs are:
- Blood sugar level over 600 mg/dl
- Dry, parched mouth
- Extreme thirst (although this may gradually disappear)
- Warm, dry skin that does not sweat
- High fever (over 101 degrees Fahrenheit, for example)
- Sleepiness or confusion
- Loss of vision
- Hallucinations – seeing or hearing things that are not there)
- Weakness on one side of the body
The best way to avoid HHNS is to check your blood sugar levels regularly. Any persistent sharp rise should be referred to a doctor.
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